Do you consider it wrong for educational institutions to teach through a foreign language? Besides Sorbs, there were several other Slavic tribes to the north. The approximate territory stretched between the Baltic Sea to the north, the Saale and theLimes Saxoniae to the west, the Ore Mountains and the Western Sudetes to the south, and . R1A-Z280; R-524902; R-YP561; R-YP564; R-YP658; to R-BY27212. The so-called Polabian language is the name used for actually just one of them, the one that the descendants of Drevani tribe spoke. I presume this ending is of Polabian origin. kak moy wittedoyime nem Grsmarim, Polabian is listed in the World's largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms. [8] A 2006 survey of the Hokkaido Ainu indicated that only 4.6% of Ainu surveyed were able to converse in or "speak a little" Ainu. He labels I1 and I2 as pre-Germanic aborigines but then emphasizes that they were not Germanic at all, but PIE or Proto-Balto-Slavic. On this chart we see that one out of four modern Germans of the east and north Germany have Slavic origin; one out of ten in the other parts. Moreover, there is a city Sibiril in this region of France. And as we saw, R1a arrived in Europe already around 2,800 BC. In the English - Polabian dictionary you will find phrases with translations, examples, pronunciation and pictures. polabian phraseology 190 viii. It was spoken approximately until the mid-18th century, when it was superseded by German . pola1255. Its last known native speaker was Antonio Tuone Udaina, who died on June 10, 1898, as the result of an explosion. a children's book of Miami language and culture; an audio CD set with vocabulary, phrases, conversation, and the Miami origin story and a companion text; and. Such statements on the ancient origin of a name bring to mind Fishmans notion (1972: 7) of stressed authenticity, whereby ancient terms provide the necessary trappings of legitimacy to a linguistic revival. [8] As of 2001, Ainu was not taught in any elementary or secondary schools in Japan, but was offered at numerous language centres and universities in Hokkaido, as well as at Tokyo's Chiba University. "Elbe" (in Latin Albis) probably means "white". Moreover, Belgium got its name from the Belgae tribe. The number of Cornish speakers is difficult to estimate, but it is believed that some 500 individuals have a degree of fluency in the language. Wikipedia mentions a plausible etymology from proto-Celtic *ad-treb-ates inhabitants. : Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A - Joshua A. Fishman - Google Books, Hokkaido: A History of Ethnic Transition and Development on Japan's Northern - Ann B. Irish - Google Books, Multicultural Japan: Palaeolithic to Postmodern - Donald Denoon, Mark Hudson - Google Books, "BBC News - Cornish language no longer extinct, says UN", "A million and a half Israelis struggle with Hebrew", "The Little Tribe That Could. Polabian Slavs. Hebrew is now the primary official language of Israel, and the most commonly spoken language there. Linguistically, even if Sami and Finnish at one point were the same language, it's probably way before the start date of CK2. 19.Jan.2022 9:00 AM . From this period onward, Polabian Slavs had a choice to migrate further towards east or south or to become assimilated in German and French nations. Polabian was also relatively long (until the 16th century) spoken in and around the cities of Bukovc (Lbeck), Starigard (Oldenburg) and Trava (Hamburg). In 2010, UNESCO reclassified the language from "extinct" to "critically endangered". 1 or Polab \ p- lb. The first Lazuri Dictionary (Bucaklii & Uzunhasanolu, 2006) was among the first one to adopt the Lazuri Alboni. For Polabian, the following segments are reconstructable:[2]. As Prussian power depended on the prevention of all forms of Polish statehood, it didnt support Polish revival attempts, desiring the Duchy of Warsaw for itself. The aim of the paper is to identify all Polabian words continuing the *-declension class and accompany them with comprehensive linguistic and, when necessary, philological comments. Probably the surname comes from the Lutici tribe but Interestingly, both of these words sound like Nenets, another name for the Samoyedic people of Siberia. Approximately 60,000 of them still speak a Slavonic language. Zaklad Jakubowskiego SA, Lww, 1929. For this reason, only, he thinks that it is better to call them Germanic. WikiMatrix Apparently, the word is Brittonic and the root *pleu means parish. They were Germanized, their territory was taken, their name was forgotten And judging by recent history, modern Slavs did not learn much from these lessons. Catalauni, in my opinion, means Catali + Alauni (ie Alani), who lived in Illyria of those days and migrated further north. The famous university of Sorbonne was founded by Robert de Sorbon in the 13th century. But this is the same reasoning behind the name of Lusatian Sorbs. 0 references. c98e. Thus for example a four syllable word stressed on the third syllable had full vowels in the second and third syllable; but if this same word had stress on the last syllable, it had full vowels in the second and fourth syllable. Plus, a good few hundreds of years ago, Poland was governed by German law which saw a number of German legal terms becoming pretty common in Old Polish. on the use of this dictionary 27 a. the alphabet 29 b. abbreviations 29 iv. I do not believe that there would be a revival movement of this language similar to the case of Cornish, but I just want to support the conscience, how this language looks like and that it may be understood by Slavic speakers and invite other interested people to participate or just to learn something about Polabian, From Meta, a Wikimedia project coordination wiki, This discussion was created before the implementation of the, Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Polabian, https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Polabian&oldid=17467045, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Number of speakers: a dead language, but comprehensible for any Slavic language speaker, Locations spoken: up to the 18th century spoken in the region of Wendland of Lower Saxonia, in the Medieval Ages spoken in the current German states of Brandeburg, Berlin and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a part of Schlesswig-Holstein and Niedersachsen. Later, it was a noble family Sarnow Polabian (Germanized), German From the village of Sarnow in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It would have been spoken in northern Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Wagria, Berlin, and northeastern Saxony-Anhalt if . effective approaches to language revival (i.e. And it is quite possible that they had a much wider area of influence than normally thought. This name was borne by several Princes of Rgen. It was spoken approximately until the rise to power of Prussia in the mid-18th century - when it was superseded by Low German . The language is now taught in some schools in Cornwall. Could we then assume that even the ancient name of Paris Lutetia, could come from this tribe? July 1, 2022 by by Today, all that remains of this vast nation are the Sorbs of Lusatia. [9] An Ainu language radio station was established in Hokkaido in 2001, and manga books have been produced in the language. As for their name, scholars propose an etymology of god Lug. In linguistics, Germanisation also occurs when a word from the The only part of the modern German population that still retains its Slavic language and culture is the Lusatians. From Proto-Balto-Slavic, the later Balto-Slavic languages are thought to have developed, composed of sub-branches Baltic and Slavic, and including modern Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian and Serbo-Croatian among others. In 1898, the last speaker of the Dalmatian romance language, Tuone Udaina, was killed in an explosion making Dalmatian a now extinct language. Burg Stargard (Polabian Stargart, is a small town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is spoken by almost 43 million people of Poland. Hence, Lazuri remained a primary spoken language until Lazoglu and Feuerstein re-introduced the Lazuri Alboni or Alphabet in Latin letters in 1984 and started to publish periodicals, called 'Ogni' ("Did you hear"). This is obvious from the samples of other Germanic countries. Interestingly, no one connects these names with Triballi and Dacians of the Balkans, even though it is precisely them who were the neighbors of Boii. Wikipedia lists some fifteen examples including Brest, the city (and region) in Belarus, and numerous other examples from Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Poland even a few German ones, in the previously Slavic lands. Andcaves gave name to the modern city of Anjou. The yellow line follows the course of the river Elbe to the North and the Sorbian March (Limes Sorbicus) to the south. Download Unionpedia on your Android device! Others had evolved in the leafy greenery of coastal Australia. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_revived_languages&oldid=1137603121. . This is an interesting discovery and deserves further research. French Wikipedia claims that the city Jublains preserves their name. Although used in liturgy, and to a limited extent commerce, it was extinct as a language used in everyday life until its revival. This word is exclusively Slavic, but even near the Adriatic Veneti we have the Italian city of Trogir. [20], Chochenyo: The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of California has revitalized the Chochenyo language, which was last spoken in the 1930s. Hit enter to search or ESC to close. Muzerz TubeFire. The Death and Revival of Indigenous Languages. Not much is known of Atrebates. He pursued independent policies, using the support of the archbishop of Bremen and of the Danish king to counter the threat of the dukes of Saxony. Their capital was Dax. Manx ceased to function as a community language during the first quarter of the 20th century, but was revived by enthusiasts at a time when there were still a number of native speakers alive. History. Grey: Former settlement area of the Polabian Slavs. Predictions on global language loss are invigorated by specific case studies that . The idea that Slavs are newcomers who settled among the Germans is bizarre. However Wagrian was just a Scandinavian label for Lutichi, this was certainly not a Slavic name. Zylberberg moved to Warsaw four years ago after studying conducting in Israel. The Slavic term Lusitanian comes from lug, meaning forest, swamp. In short, there is no reason to have the word Germanic in this text whatsoever, unless you are trying to fit modern genetic research in the outdated version of history. It is being revived by Ghil'ad Zuckermann ( University of Adelaide) and the Barngarla community, based on 170-year-old documents. It is you, however, that equate the implications of what a "Pole" is in the 1300s to the implications of what a "Pole" is in the 1900s. This great language deserves better, however, than such timorous quaking. According to one, it means crow, raven, or Vrana in Slavic. ii. The Polabian language was a West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (German: Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe (aba /Laba/ Labe in Slavic) river, from which derives its name ("po Labe" - 'unto Elbe' or '[traveling] on Elbe'). Once a language has become marginalised in this way, it is often perceived as being "useless" by its remaining speakers, who associate it with low social status and poverty, and consequently fail to pass it on to the next generation. It is believed to be one of the most difficult languages in the world. So far we have analyzed only the tribes of Roman Gaul. Also remember that a lot of peoples would have been displaced when land was lost in sea levels rising in the neolithic period. Nowadays, a greater part of Lusatia lies on the territory of German countries of Saxony and Brandenburg. Bohemia is named after them. Artikl 1. This is quite clear from the text. This is a hangover from the times when every Slavonic tribe used its own language which slowly developed and changed over centuries. S win wibdoreni wzwmm n swedumm a moj pustpuwat samt w ab brotyrstwo. Its interesting as well that in this Lusitania theres a major city named Braga. Amakwayi ,Ongconde, o Togu o Tshiwo.Buku is the surname of Michael who belong to Amakwayi o Ngcondentshaba From Kingwilliamstown, Eastern Cape,South Africa.His home village is Ndevana near Zwelitsha,Phakamisa and Ilitha Township. St Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary was founded in 1938, as an institution of the future Orthodox Church in America. The Polabian language is an extinct West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe (Labe in Slavic) river, from which derives its name ("po Labe" - on the Elbe). And in Pleslin-Trigavou and Trglamus (Treglaffus in 1581) we see the name of Slavic god Triglav. Not too far from Sorbon is the village Pron, and Perun was the Slavic god of thunder. This project supports other language projects around the country as a funding body. He will expand his territory even beyond the river Elbe to the East and as far as Serbs of the Balkans to the south. [2] The Mobile Language Team in South Australia lists 46 languages or dialects on its website as of April 2021[update], including Ngarrindjeri, Kaurna, Kokatha, Lower Arrernte and Pitjantjatjara, to name a few of the many languages on which it is working.[3]. Another example is Pleuven (Pluwenn). Elbe (in Latin Albis) probably means white. kak moy wittedoyime nem Grsmarim. It seems that it was the bearers of R1a who first settled the northern parts of Europe. Livonian is a Finnic language spoken in Latvia. . There are at least three such toponyms in Slavic countries today. unclear expressions 187 vii. Do not let us forget that Germany killed Prussians as early as in the 15th century and usurped their tribal name for several hundred years. Polabian Slavs shared their territory with numerous other nations, mainly Celtic and Gaulic. These were just a few illustrations. ApisAzuli was right in the end then, this poro f is the Polabian word for swamp and it is *bara. But it is clear that these names are both Slavic and Pre-Roman. Lexovii dwelled on the coast, a part of Gallia that served as the crossing point to Brittain, and near the mouth of river Seine. The language of the small-numbered Soyots in Buryatia, Russia, one of Siberian Turkic languages, has been reconstructed and a Soyot-Buryat-Russian dictionary has been published in 2002. Northern part of Germany few million of people may be interested to knew language of its ancestors. It also offers Serbo-Croatian as Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. Its etymology is unclear. Wikipedia article on Lusitania states that the etymology of Lusitani is not clear. Modern Sanskrit is spoken in around four villages in India. But could this Indo-European language perhaps be Proto-Slavic? It is one of the three languages (along with Manx and Cornish) listed as revived by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[16]. The Polish language is most closely related to the extinct Polabian-Pomeranian dialects (whose only live representative is Kashubian) and together with them is classified by Slavicists into the West Lechitic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The Mattur village in central Karnataka, Shimoga district claims to have native speakers of Sanskrit among its population. But that could be about to change", "06.04.2004 - Conferences focus on saving native languages", "Ethnologue report for language code: cst", "Why My Grandmother and I Are Working to Save the Language of South Africa's First People", "Catalua incorpora el arans como su tercera lengua oficial", "How many speakers of Yola are there now? Venetian language. Region: Worldwide Official language in: 67 countries 27 non-sovereign entities Various organisations United Nations European Union Commonwealth of Nations Council of Europe ICC IMF IOC . But Bel means white in Slavic languages, and the ov and aci are both typical Slavic suffixes. Lazuri is a Southwest Caucasian language spoken by ca. ", Efforts are underway to revive the Nuu dialect [25], The Aranese language, a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Aran Valley, in northwestern Catalonia is still spoken. This page was last edited on 26 November 2017, at 00:56. venrock portfolio. The book reconstructs the structure of Miami-Illinois. Their neighbors were Veneti and their capital was in modern-day Lisieux. Polabian Slavs ( Lower Sorbian: Poobske Sowjany , Polish: Sowianie poabscy , Czech: Polabt Slovan ) is a collective term applied to a number of Lechite tribes who lived along the Elbe river in what is today Eastern Germany. These Veneti were sometimes also labeled Venedi, and associations with the German Wend are obvious. Polabian. The paper deals with the issues (both inflectional and word-formational) of Proto-Slavic *-stems in the Polabian corpus. They first appear in historical records of the 9th century. That a ethnic group is designated - or even recognized - has very little to do with the modern understanding of "nation". And the modern scandinavian/german population coming out of this. November 28, 2018The term language revival refers to a community of speakers halting or reversing the decline of language, or reviving an extinct one. It was close to Pomeranian and Kashubian, and is attested only in a handful of manuscripts, dictionaries and various writings from the 17th and 18th centuries. tk kak no Sime. in /var/www/thsistemas.com.br . WikiZero zgr Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumann En Kolay Yolu Such statements on the ancient origin of a name bring to mind Fishmans notion (1972: 7) of stressed authenticity, whereby ancient terms provide the necessary trappings of legitimacy to a linguistic revival. Old Norse is a North Germanic language. The Dalmatian language is being revived by pro-autonomist Dalmatian activists, and today is estimated that there are about 20 fluent Dalmatian speakers and more than one hundred people with some knowledge of the language.[13]. These Cornish language revivalists borrowed heavily from Welsh and Breton in order to aid in the creation of the modern Cornish language. The language is currently taught in some primary schools. There are 2 kings in the early history of the region: Ariamir and Miro, both of them were Suevic (Suebian)Kings of Galicia, sound Slavic to me. I have to comment, I think its remarkable that in this same Lusitania region of Portugal, theres a prominent, and ancient city named Braga. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. Slavic etymology relates to the tree: birch or elm. I am Serbian and my native language is Serbian. Indeed, if we look at the map of Gaul, we see that all potential Slavic tribes are grouped they all occupy the coastal area. The Polabian language was a West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (German: Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe (aba/Laba/Labe in Slavic) river, from which derives its name ("po Labe" - unto Elbe or [traveling] on Elbe). What were my experiences with the. Since the 9th or 8th century, the life of the Polab Slavs proceeded in a bitter struggle with the constant attempts of the German invasion. Slovnk pojmov zameran na vedu a jej popularizciu na Slovensku. Their territory is divided between Germany and Poland. Liked it? The Polabian language is an extinct West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (German: Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe (aba/Laba/Labe in Slavic) river, from which derives its name ("po Labe" - unto Elbe or [traveling] on Elbe). ns m Polabian. French Wikipedia lists three etymologies of his name. The Wikipedia page written in Polabian could be an important platform for the people interested in their own origins and nearly forgotten traditions (a large number of the onomastic richness of Eastern Germany testifies its Slavic origin). The Province of Len government supports the knowledge of this language through courses, by celebrating "Leonese Language Day" and by sponsoring literary efforts in the Leonese language, such as "Cuentos del Sil", where nine writers from teenagers to people in their eighties develop several stories in Leonese. Wikipedia. un wittedoy nm ne Ggrch, Could it really be possible that it just a coincidence? Everyone likes to talk about the vikings death stomping the island but for the native celts the Saxons had been a million times worse. It was either the Anglo-Saxon way or death, and the English expansion that followed was even worse. The full vowels were noticeably long and were often marked as such in the texts.[5]. With the recent establishment of the Lazika Yayin Kolektif (Lazika Publication Collective) in 2010, current and future generations of students, teachers, authors, and scholars of Lazuri are encouraged to contribute to the process of language revitalization, thus paving the way for a Lazuri literature. 2.17). The neighboring Namnetes lived around modern Nantes, who was named after them. stated in. We see that options Leutici, Leuticians, Leutizi and Leutizans were also popular in both, Latin and German. Here are seven examples of such toponyms from Wikipedia. Slavic matriarchy (Gasparini). Then a dedicated group of advocates launched immersion schools, a Hawaiian radio program, and an island-wide movement to resuscitate the melodious language. [] The forgotten history of Polabian Slavs [], My last name is Lutic and the family originates from Northern Bukovina, a region currently in Ukraine. Samskrita Bharati (Sanskrit: , IPA:[sskt bati]) is a non-profit organization working to revive Sanskrit, also termed Sanskrit revival. topic/Polabian-language. The extinct Polabian language, which bordered the Sorbian dialects in eastern Germany, was spoken by the Slavic population of the Elbe River region until the 17th or 18th century; a dictionary and some phrases written in the language exist. Then in the census of 1890 in total 585 people declared it as mother tongue (suggesting, that their parents could still speak it). Braga is in fact one of the older, more archaic toponyms for the capital city of Prague .. which is spelled Praha in Czech, but can also be rendered as Praga, or more anciently, Fraga and/or Braga. Starting in the late 19th century, it was revived as an everyday spoken language as part of the emerging Zionist movement. Old Polish spelling. < Usuari:Beusson. Polabian - What does Polabian stand for? For Polabian the following segments are reconstructable: The Lord's Prayer in Polabian and related Lechitic languages, compared to Upper Sorbian, Old Church Slavonic, German and English: Germanic loanwords, which are comparatively rare in the other West Slavic languages, are highlighted in bold. The German town Ltjenburg (Lutici-hillfort) still carries the name of this tribe. German (Germany) Sep 28, 2012. The northern neighbor of Lusitanian Sorbs was the Lutici tribe, now extinct. Center staff develop language and culture resources using material that is often from translated missionary documents. There is a regular programme in Manx on Manx Radio. ta toy gi wa Nebisgy, On the continental part of the stronghold, inside the defense lines, there was a big sanctuary, built probably already after the Polabian Uprising of 983. Proto-Germanic language probably developed as a blend of two branches of Indo-European languages, namely the Proto-Balto-Slavic language of the Corded-Ware culture (R1a-Z283) and the later arrival of Proto-Italo-Celto-Germanic people from the Unetice culture (R1b-L11). The excellent description of the phonology and morphology by T. Lehr-Splawinski (Gramatykapolabska, Lwow, I927) replaced the earlier has been a vigorous revival of Polabian studies, principally in Poland and Germany. Ne Wader, I do not believe that there would be a revival movement of this language similar to the case of Cornish, but I just want to support the conscience, how this language looks like and that it may be understood by Slavic speakers and invite other interested people to participate or just to learn something about Polabian The six-volume work by Samuel Bogumil Linde, printed in 1200 copies, was published in Warsaw between 1807 and 1814. Which Germanic language is purer. From Polabian bur "farmer" and the Germanized Slavic ending -witz. Serbian peasantry. Lot son of Madai: and of the Orelum; ruling Y-DNA R1b Sarmatian Warrior Caste over the Balts and Slavs. The Elbe is a major river of central Europe. A great number of the original more than 250 Aboriginal Australian languages, which include around 800 dialects, have become extinct or nearly extinct since colonization. The word briva apparently means bridge in Gaulic, but its Slavic equivalent is brvno. or tregu, three stones. Since the late 20th century there have been efforts to revive many of these. polabian language revivalblackburn tip opening timesblackburn tip opening times The South Slavic languages are one of three branches of the Slavic languages. The language left some traces in current toponymy; for example, Wustrow "Place on the island", Lchow (Polabian: Ljauchw ), Sagard, Gartow, etc. Once a large confederation of independent tribes, Polabian Slavs were gradually assimilated into France, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, and other neighboring countries. Only after thousand of years of hybridization and environmental conditioning in the north does the migration period start and the people of the scandinavian peninsula move south forming allegiances or making enemies with some of their slavic cousins on the way through. Moreover, are these Seurbi and Albiones related to Serbs and Albanians of the Balkans? The name of the Italian city was recorder already in antiquity when there shouldnt be Slavs in this region. The Polabian language is an extinct West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (German: Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe (aba/Laba/Labe in Slavic) river, from which derives its name ("po Labe" - unto Elbe or [traveling] on Elbe). Polish language. Everything else is a mystery. From the same root comes the words Varangian, and these were the notorious viking founders of the first Rus state. The highlighted English Wikipedia briefly mentions that the city was taken from Slavs in the 12th century. To the west, there was only the ocean. Also the place name derives from the West Slavic language Polabian, in which the word " dum " for family and home is. Without clear leadership, Polabian Slavs were fighting between themselves, or fighting with Germany against France or Poland, or fighting with France against Germany In the end, their formidable force was dissolved. They are ancestors of Polabian Slavs, Pomeranians and modern Poles (Lechs in medieval sources). Baldwin's children were raised as native speakers of Miami. The revitalization effort is based on the work of linguist David Costa. Perhaps, this name sounds similar to Neuri, a Sarmatian tribe. But this is just a Latinized form of the name Volga. But if the Veneti of Adriatic and those of Gaul are indeed unrelated, it would be interesting to know why the Catalauni of the north Gaul have a similar name to Venetic Catali of Adriatic. Can we connect this toponym with the Lusatian Sorbs? Miami-Illinois/Irenwa: The Myaamia (Miami) Nation of Indiana still practice and use their native heritage to teach young and old so they can keep their traditional language alive. [21][22][23] As of 2009, many students were able to carry on conversations in Chochenyo.[24]. Being still in a relatively good condition in the first half of the 17th century, it became permanently extinct in the mid-18th century (Suprun 1987: 4; Polaski 2010: 20). Vila. Anyone here have these same genes? The language was, in some respects, markedly different from other Slavic languages. Polish language (jzyk polski, polszczyzna) is a Lechitic language of the West Slavic language family spoken by about 44 million people particularly in Poland, but also in other countries of Europe and with minorities in other countries. Translation is fast and saves you time. Polabian Language Words. Freebase ID /m/013bg4. Polabian slavs. The Polabian languageis an extinct West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (German: Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe (aba/Laba/Labe in Slavic) river, from which derives its name (po Labe - on Elbe or up to Elbe). . Shigeru also began the Nibutani Ainu Language School in 1983, the first Ainu school in Japan. It was not the other way around, at least not in the recorded history. The basic facts are that Kashubian is definitely a Slavic language (with a significant amount of loan words from German, and historical influence from Low German, as well as Old-Prussian and Polabian, both extinct), and the only descendant of the once vibrant so-called Pomeranian dialects (another extinct language in this category is Slovincian).