Relevance to clinical practice The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. It is a country with a rich history and unique culture. Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. I should make myself a better person. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. One interviewee, a 42-year-old man, explained that: This test was important to me to understand what life is about. Such an unwillingness to turn to clergies in the time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. perceived barriers to health. After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. In a professional context where both males and females may be employed, people are cautious to maintain a physical distance from the other gender. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. Inscriptions from the Achaemenid Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) reference the kings' religious beliefs - which may have been the early polytheistic faith or the later Zoroastrian monotheism - and religion continued to play a central role in the later Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE) and, to a much greater degree, in the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) which made Zoroastrianism the state . View. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. The most beloved Imam among Iranians is Imam Reza, whose tomb is in Iran. One possible reason for this is that, for these interviewees, religion is a larger part of [their] orientation system (Ahmad, Citation2006, p. 28). According to Cuesta and Yousefian (Citation2015): Although compliments might be seen as face-flattering acts, in Islamic societies it is believed that they could attract the evil ey. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. We found two patterns in our interviews. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. All these things calm me down and give me strength. August 12, 2011. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. In an effort to study from a sociological perspective more closely the role of culture in cancer patients meaning-making coping methods, an international project has been conducted in 10 countries (Sweden, South Korea, China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Brazil, Turkey and Iran). Role of Culture in Healthcare Decision-Making. Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. My job is sweeping the kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, I am helping to keep the . Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. In Nigeria, the core traditional values have been debased at the modern era. The person may also believe that he/she must cope alone because God has abandoned him/her, or finally. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. It is a symbol of love. The Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE were used to categorise these methods. It is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. Most of the participants were Shia Muslims. Speaking up or publishing material that questions the current system can also be interpreted as anti-Islamic. I think He has listened. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. It would seem reasonable to assume that religion is more accessible to individuals whose orientation system is greatly marked by religion. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. In the current article, we present the results from our study in Iran, which looks at religious coping methods from a cultural perspective. The Middle East consists of . This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. He was married to a Persian princess. Writing notes while interviewing contributed to the data quality. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. The history of the Italian people, their . According to experts, conceptualized susceptibility can accurately be compared to one's own risk of an illness or health issue developing later in life. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. All leaders are expected to have a high level of academic achievement or theological education. Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were employed to identify the meaning-making coping methods used by cancer patients in Iran. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. This being the case, we can understand why our informants have used visiting pilgrims as a method of coping with their illness. Jul 2018. According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). Mexicans are very I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. The study was based on qualitative research. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. 7. Family values are important to the structure and well-being of the family. This ensures that the households name is not implicated with trouble and their honour is protected. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. Somaq: It is a Persian spice that represents sunlight. Patient-centered care implies involving family members and incorporating care tailored to the patient's culture. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Iran. Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? (35-year-old female). So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. The interview guide was primarily based on the questions used in the Swedish study (Ahmadi, Citation2015); however, some cultural considerations were applied during production of the final protocol. The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. Iranian Culture 12 Traditions and Customs Only Iranians Will Understand Posted on 28 July 2019 As in any other country, Iran is ripe with quirks and eccentricities. I strongly believe in it because it is carved into my bones. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. 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