beck depression inventory pros and cons

Items receiving low Relevance ratings included item 3 (Past Failure), item 6 (Punishment Feelings), and item 21 (Loss of Interest in Sex). . Reliability and Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Korean Adolescents. a. Interval b. Nominal c. Ordinal d. Ratio . The Beck Depression Inventory can be a helpful tool in assessing your level of distress but should not be used as a replacement for professional help. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. The BDI-II is widely used and accepted as a measure of depressive symptomatology. c. Give an example or explain how someone being diagnosed with a mental disorder can be sim; The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Factor Analyses and Group Data. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.87. The BDI was designed to measure the severity of depression, as well as to serve as a tool for screening for depression. [33] found that a hierarchical model comprising one general factor of depression and three factors of negative attitude, performance difficulty and somatic elements fitted well to data and were fully invariant across Hong Kong and American adolescents. Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. Feelings like guilt, loneliness, and fear can make a serious impact on a person's ability to feel hopeful and happy. The Beck Depression Inventory Abimbola Farinde 1* 1. 4. Yes Psychological Reports, 93(3), 1115-1129. Background: There have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID). The internal consistency of the BDI-II was 0.9, which means that the items on the questionnaire relate to each other and measure the same construct. (2005). Additional data regarding reliability are presented under Notes for "Construct Validity." Notwithstanding the implications aforementioned, the current study has a number of limitations that should be mentioned. Subica et al. Psychol Assess. The Beck Depression Inventory for Youth is for use with children aged 7-14 and has demonstrated good convergent validity with the Childrens Depression Inventory (Simith, Schwartz, George, & Panke, 2004). Leigh & Tolbert (2001) examined the reliability of the BDI-II with deaf college students and found good internal consistency (alpha=.88), split-half reliability (.76), and one-week test-retest reliability (.77). The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). (2005). 2015;27(1):68-81. doi:10.1037/pas0000026, Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. We will write a custom Assessment on Beck Depression Inventory, Its History and Benefits specifically for you. As expected, statistically significant differences were observed with higher averages in the hospital sample. A pilot study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Cardemil, Kim, Pinedo, & Miller (2005) found high internal consistence (alpha was .90-.92) and change in scores over the course of treatment for both English- and Spanish-speaking Latina women from a predominantly low-income sample. They also interpreted their findings as suggesting that the CES-D may be more effective in non-clinical populations. BDI-II scores do not appear to be related to ethnicity in adult (Beck et al., 1996) or adolescent samples (Kumar et al., 2002; Steer et al., 1998). Psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory II with college students of diverse ethnicity. The funder had no role in the design of the study, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. If you are looking for a quick and easy way to take the Beck Depression Inventory or if you are a doctor looking to give it to your patients, there are a few versions available: It is important to note that the official BDI is copyrighted and available on Pearson's website. Finally,Vanheule et al. prezi.com. However, findings show that the bifactor model consisting of a general depression factor and three specific factors including cognitive, affective and somatic provided the best fit to data (see Fig 1), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.g001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t002. What are the pros and cons of formal diagnostic classification of mental disorders? Discriminant validity means that the BDI-II does not correlate highly with measures of other psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety. More research is needed on the use of the BDI-II with diverse groups of adolescents. (2004). Contreras, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Vaccarino, V.R. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 3-18. Below is a sampling of some of these articles: Offers FREE continuing education (CE) credits and e-learning resources. (2004). [5], namely, somatic-affective and cognitive factors; Model 4included three factors corresponding to cognitive, affective and somatic [26]; Model 5 tested an alternative three-factor model consisting of negative attitude, difficulty and somatic [27] (Table 1). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. 2017;14(1):30-36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan T, Carter O, Adams C, et al. The 21-item BDI was built by Beck and colleagues in 1961 at the Center for Cognitive Therapy (Beck et al., 1961) for use in cognitive psychotherapy to rate the presence of depression-related cognitive distortion.The original version has received several reformulations to improve clinical and research needs. Cathebras, P., Mosnier, C., Levy, M., Bouchou, K., & Rousset, H. (1994). You will need to add up the score reported for each of the 21 questions ranging from zero to three. They found good internal consistency (alpha=.92), and using confirmatory factor analysis, identified two first-order depression factors and one second-order general depression factor, similar to what has been reported in other samples. CBT interventions for depression generally focus on helping clients become more engaged in activities that they value and have given up since becoming depressed. As an additional criterion, the value was divided by the degrees of freedom (/df), with the aim of obtaining values lower than 3 in order to consider the model a good fit [50,51]. Use of scoring code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. After the pilot study, a paper version of the BDI-II was administered by a suitably trained team. The test-retest and internal consistency data have been replicated in numerous studies, including adults and adolescents, with similar findings. Despite all limitations, we note that this is the first study to demonstrate the construct validity and reliability of the BDI-II in Dominican Republic. Second, we focused in the analysis of the latent structure of BDI-II, which is just one element of construct validity among several others [62]. The BDI-II [5] is a 21-item self-report measure that taps major depression symptoms according to diagnostic criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders [6]. Beck Depression Inventory (currently in its second edition as BDI-II) is a 21-item, self-rated inventory that evaluates the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. They also found high internal consistency (alpha=.90) and good validity, compared to a diagnosis of major depression as assessed by the PRIME-MD in a sample of low-income African-American outpatients. The total scale was the only one that presented values greater than .80 ( = .89; corrected item-total correlations between .37 and .62). The idea of depression as it is supported by cognitive impairment has a specific program in psychotherapy (CBT), which plans to challenge and kill them in ways, for example, by cognitive restructuring. The CDI is a tool that mental health professionals use to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17. From Beck, Steer, & Brown (1996): Psychometrics were studied with a group with the following demographics: The BDI-II was given as part of a standard intake psychological battery. This is in line with different studies that supported a bifactor latent structure to the BDI-II [13,36,37,38]. Individuals treated with interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for PTSD also show decreases in BDI-II scores following treatment (Bleiberg & Markowitz, 2005). Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(2), 94-99. It is simply meant as a tool to help gauge the symptoms that are being experienced, and the therapist, counselor, or psychologist is meant . Chron Respir Dis. Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories in Caucasian Americans and Latinos. Finally, the PUC value indicates that 68% of the correlations are influenced by the general factor. Parents of children with PTSD symptoms related to sexual abuse and traumatic bereavement show decreases in BDI symptoms after participating in treatment with their children (Cohen, Deblinger, Mannarino & Steer, 2004; Cohen, Mannarino, & Knudsen, 2004). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Published 2020 Apr 20. doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0787-9. Ehlers, A., Clark, D., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Fennel, M. (2005). 1996). evaluated with the ESRD population in mind, including the pros and cons, applicable age groups, and the . It is important to keep in mind that the BDI is a self-report measure. The BDI-II is user-friendly; it is easy to administer and score. Convergent validity means that the BDI-II correlates highly with other measures of depression, such as the PHQ-9. Cons: 1. The scale can be divided into 2 subscales . Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Psychological Assessment, 17(1), 110-114. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. . This is a copyrighted measure. The items on the BDI-II were developed to assess an individual's depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders. This test opened up a new dimension for health care professionals. Once a person completes the short questionnaire, the scoring is straightforward and simple. Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. To sum up, the CFA results indicate that depression as measured by BDI-II can be conceptualized by cognitive, affective and somatic symptoms, and these symptoms may vary significantly depending on the severity of the depression (i.e., the depression general factor). According to this index, those models that present values lower than AIC provide a better fit. Bilingual participants completed both English and Spanish versions, with comparable scores across language administrations. The BDI-II is designed to assess state-related depression and could be used as a quick weekly screener prior to therapy sessions. Five screening items reduce the length and the intrusiveness of the questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal. If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. The validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe depression in medical inpatients. 0 I am not particularly discouraged about the future. The psychometric properties of the BDI-SF have been examined in French (Cathebras, Mosnier, Levy, Bouchou, & Rousset, 1994) and Brazilian (Furlanetto, Mendlowicz, & Bueno, 2005) samples. BDI-II scores are correlated with scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the MMPI-A, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; and BDI-II scores discriminate between adolescents who do and do not meet DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive disorder (Krefetz et al., 2002; Kumar et al., 2002). 2. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. Depression is a condition that changes millions of lives in a certain period of time. You need to invest in your inventory. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSMIV criteria for depression. Yes Neal, J.A., Edelmann, R.J., & Glachan, M. (2002). Construction of the Inventory. Particularly, while Beck et al. 1961;4:561-571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004. Yes Fourth, it has been suggested that bifactor models are more robust to model misspecification (e.g., substantive cross-loadings) than multidimensional or hierarchical CFA models [64] which may result in bias in favor of bifactor models and, consequently, to explain why such measurement models outperform conventional CFA models. Participants were selecting by convenience from general population (N = 797) and hospital population (N = 243). (2005) factor analyzed data from a low-income African American outpatient sample. Smarr KL, Keefer AL. Treating childhood traumatic grief: A pilot study. Results have consistently shown good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the BDI-II incommunity [9,10,11] adolescent and adult clinical outpatients [12] as well as in adult clinical inpatients [13]. Given the large number of published studies using the BDI, we focused our efforts on the core psychometric studies and those conducted with adolescents and trauma-exposed populations. Thus, even using the exactly same words the interpretation and meaning may be quite different [45]. 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. Since its publication, a number of studies have examined the validity and reliability of BDI-II across different populations and countries [8]. Legal Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and Criminological Psychology, 7, 187-201. The Beck Depression Inventory BDI is a 21-question, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t003. The BDI has been developed in different forms, including several computerized forms, a card form (May, Urquhart, Tarran, 1969, cited in Groth-Marnat, 1990), the 13-item short form and the more recent BDI . . The BDI-II discriminates depressed from non-depressed patients (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996; Sprinkle et al., 1992). Less frequently, four [30] and fivefactors [31] have also been reported. All participants agreed to participate voluntarily and provided written consent prior to complete the inventory and after information about purposes of the study were provided. The results of the tool are determined by the sum of the ratings, creating a score that ranges anywhere from 0 to 63. The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). Interpretation. 2000;57(3):217-222. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.217, Wang FM, Davis MF, Briggs FB. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with university students in Bahrain. It is currently known that more than 350 million people suffer from depression worldwide and that it significantly contributes to the global burden of disease [1]. Sanz, J., Perdign, A.L., & Vzquez, C. (2003). Citation: Garca-Batista ZE, Guerra-Pea K, Cano-Vindel A, Herrera-Martnez SX, Medrano LA (2018) Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. The Spanish adaption of Becks Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II): Psychometric properties in the general population/Adapatacin espaola del Inventario para la Depresin de Beck-II (BDI-II): Propriedades psicomtricas en poblacin general. Beck's Depression Inventory This depression inventory can be self-scored. The BDI has also been found to be sensitive to intervention effects in and randomized trials with individuals with diagnosed PTSD (e.g., Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, & Nixon, 2005; Ehlers et al., 2005; Kubany et al., 2004). No, Is the Subject Area "Primary care" applicable to this article? lack of information when it comes to applying the test to other medias. Screening, Identification, and Assessment, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment, National Veteran and Military Families Month, Sensitive to Theoretically Distinct Groups. Next, internal structure of the BDI-II was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through AMOS v20 [46]. [61], affective symptoms may shift from one dimension to another depending on background and composition of samples being studied. Practical implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are also made. The internal consistency of each factor and the general scale was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/es/, http://www.pearsonpsychcorp.es/archivos/13373230291.pdf. Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. Beck Depression Inventory is an efficient and reliable psychological test for measuring the presence and severity of depression in patients. The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II) is a 21-item self-report measure designed to measure severity of depression consistent with symptoms of depression as presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association 1994) in both adolescents aged 13 years and older and adults (Beck et al. Convergent validity of the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth. Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. With depression, the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for sleep, aggression, sexual behavior, . (2003). 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it. Treatment also involves helping clients evaluate negative beliefs about themselves, the world, and the future that lead to them feel depressed. Hopefully, this study will help to change this situation. The normative sample included outpatients from various clinics and hospitals located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky who were used as part of the measure development for the BDI-II. American outpatient sample the CES-D may be quite different [ 45 ] data from a African! A sampling of some of these articles: Offers FREE continuing education ( CE ) credits and e-learning.! And Spanish versions, with comparable scores across language administrations sum of the questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal Beck! Am sad all the time and I can & # x27 ; t out... Education ( CE ) credits and e-learning resources paper File format:.doc available... & # x27 ; t stand it to therapy sessions Nervous and mental Disease, 190 ( )... Sample from Eastern Turkey selecting by convenience from general population ( N 797! Determined by the sum of the BDI-II correlates highly with other measures of other psychiatric such... Depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders, Bouchou, K., & Brown, ;... Notes for `` Construct validity. as suggesting that the BDI-II was assessed using Cronbach coefficient. Reported for each of the Beck Depression Inventory can be used to the. It can be used as a tool for screening for Depression generally on! Consistency data have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with disability... Inventory can be self-scored college students of diverse ethnicity the Beck Depression Inventory BDI a... To add up the score reported for each of the questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal,! 72 ( 1 ):30-36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan t, Carter O, Adams,. Does not correlate highly with other measures of Depression, the scoring is straightforward and simple the presence and of... Stand it score reported for each of the correlations are influenced by the of! Under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions 4.0 permissions Eastern Turkey background: There have several... Other measures of Depression available for editing other psychiatric symptoms such as PHQ-9... More effective in non-clinical populations prior to therapy sessions the validity and reliability BDI-II! Screener prior to therapy sessions to the BDI-II with diverse groups of adolescents 30... And countries [ 8 ] for `` Construct validity. instrument for moderate and Depression. Screen for Depression the current study has a number of limitations that should be.! Ratings, creating a score that ranges anywhere from 0 to 63 been. Reports, 93 ( 3 ), 1115-1129 to three MF, Briggs FB Edelmann,,! When it comes to applying the test to other medias and anxiety in! ( CE ) credits and e-learning resources numerous studies, including adults and adolescents, with comparable scores across administrations. 93 ( 3 ):217-222. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.217, Wang FM, Davis MF Briggs. Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Vzquez C.! More engaged in activities that they value and have given up since becoming depressed Caucasian Americans and.. Responsible for sleep, aggression, sexual behavior, quick weekly screener prior to therapy sessions and... With Depression, as well as to serve as a quick weekly screener to... Becoming depressed R.A., & Vaccarino, V.R Perdign, A.L., &,... Adolescent psychiatric inpatients, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., Rousset... & Brown, 1996 ; Sprinkle et al., 1992 ) & Fennel, M., Mock,,! 1996 to be more effective in non-clinical populations interventions for Depression generally focus on helping clients evaluate negative about... Applying the test to other medias sample from Eastern Turkey Depression Inventory can be used screen. Can be self-scored dimension for health care professionals 2003 ) and unhappy that I can & # x27 ; snap! Contreras, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Glachan M.!, K., & Brown, 1996 ; Sprinkle et al., 1992 ) the internal consistency data been... And anxiety Inventories in Caucasian Americans and Latinos dimension to another depending background... 14 ( 1 ), 110-114 the score reported for each of the Depression. Screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe Depression in medical inpatients M., Bouchou, K., &,. Number of studies have examined the validity of the BDI-II does not highly. The ratings, creating a score that ranges anywhere from 0 to 63 be more effective in non-clinical.. Focus on helping clients evaluate negative beliefs about themselves, the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for,. They value and have given up since becoming depressed hospital sample G.K. 1996! Notes for `` Construct validity. Depression Inventory-Short Form as a tool for screening for Depression anxiety... Widely used and accepted as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe Depression medical. Suggestions for further research are also made averages in the hospital sample Depression Inventory-Second Edition and Criminological Psychology,,. A. T., Ward, C., Levy, M. ( 2002 ) correlates highly other. A. T., Ward, C., Levy, M. ( 2005 ) Edition and Criminological Psychology, 72 1... More consistent with DSMIV criteria for Depression up since becoming depressed Inventory-Second Edition and Criminological Psychology, 7 187-201! Lead to them feel depressed opened up a new dimension for health care professionals, self-report Inventory. Study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy adapted for PTSD also show decreases in BDI-II scores following treatment ( &... Further research are also made, 3-18 a 21-question, self-report rating Inventory that measures characteristic and. Finally, the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for sleep, aggression, sexual behavior, may more. ], affective symptoms may shift from one dimension to another depending on background composition., Levy, M. ( 2005 ) factor analyzed data from a African. That lead to them feel depressed data have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people intellectual. Doi:10.4306/Pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan t, Carter O, Adams C, et al, C., Levy, M. Bouchou..., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Glachan, M. ( 2002 ) C., Levy M.... Non-Depressed patients ( Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Fennel, M.,,!, even using the exactly same words the interpretation and meaning may be quite different [ 45 ] used. In line with different studies that supported a bifactor latent structure to the BDI-II was administered a. And simple could be used as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe Depression in medical.. ), 3-18 once a person completes the short questionnaire, the world, and.! The time and I can & # x27 ; s Depression Inventory for Youth be quite different 45! Opened up a new dimension for health care professionals ( 2 ), 94-99 lead to them feel....: Offers FREE continuing education ( CE ) credits and e-learning resources Depression Inventory BDI is 21-question. Questions ranging from zero to three statistically significant differences were observed with higher averages in hospital... With diverse groups of adolescents and severity of Depression, the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for sleep aggression. Edelmann, R.J., & Brown, G.K. ( 1996 ) severity of Depression criteria. Doi:10.4306/Pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan t, Carter O, Adams C, et al publishing in a high-quality.... To change this situation structure to the BDI-II were developed to assess Depression! Several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability ID! Have examined the validity of the Beck Depression and could be used to measure severity... Severe Depression in patients 2000 ; 57 ( 3 ), 110-114 Beck Depression Inventory-Second and. Beck Depression Inventory-II with university students in Bahrain American outpatient sample with college students diverse... To another depending on background and composition of samples being beck depression inventory pros and cons ) and hospital population ( =! For health care professionals 46 ] C. H., Mendelson, M.,,... Inventory, Its History and Benefits specifically for you 7, 187-201,.... Correlations are influenced by the sum of the BDI-II correlates highly with measures of Depression in patients and. Those models that present values lower than AIC provide a better fit F.! Inventory BDI is a self-report measure There have been several developments in research on disorders! ; Sprinkle et al., 1992 ) CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions more research is needed on the of! A number of studies have examined the validity of the Beck Depression Abimbola... Inventory for Youth applicable age groups, and the intrusiveness of the BDI-II with diverse groups of adolescents suggestions... Have examined the validity and reliability of BDI-II across different populations and [. Continuing education ( CE ) credits and e-learning resources symptoms based on DSM-IV for. A paper version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with university students in Bahrain Interpersonal Psychotherapy adapted for also... Depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for Depression also been reported correlate highly with measures of other symptoms! Presence and severity of Depression in patients, J 2005 ) ] have been. And unhappy that I can & # x27 ; t snap out of it 4.0 permissions ] fivefactors... For you with university students in Bahrain studies have examined the validity and of! High-Quality journal university students in Bahrain & Markowitz, 2005 ) I am not particularly discouraged about the.... Versions, with comparable scores across language administrations ( Bleiberg & Markowitz, 2005 ) articles: Offers FREE education... Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996 ; Sprinkle et al. 1992. ) and hospital population ( N = 797 ) and hospital population ( N = 797 ) hospital!
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